Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are antibodies with two binding sites that can simultaneously bind two different antigens or two different epitopes on the same antigen. The clinical therapeutic effects of BsAbs are superior to those of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), with broad applications for tumor immunotherapy as well as for treating other diseases. Recently, More than 30 mature commercial technology platforms have been used to create and develop BsAbs based on the heterologous recombination of heavy chains and matching of light chains. The detailed mechanisms of clinical/therapeutic action have been demonstrated with these different types of BsAbs. Three kinds of BsAbs have received market approval, and more than 110 types of BsAbs are at various stages of clinical trials.
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) as an innovative form of immunotherapy, it has been used across several fields in onclology, ophthalmology, and hematology, etc. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) therapy has demonstrated some advantages, such as:
1. "Off-the-shelf" availability: Unlike highly customized CAR-T cell therapies that require taking a patient's cells to a lab for reprogramming, bsAbs are standardized, ready-to-use medications.
2. Outpatient administration: These therapies are usually administered via IV infusions or injections in a clinical setting.
3. Dual-targeting: They can also be designed to block two different disease-causing signaling pathways simultaneously, such as targeting both PD-1 and VEGF-A in certain lung cancers.