A new preparation of the saccharolipid glycan, Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA), is a nearly homogeneous Re lipopolysaccharide (LPS) substructure with endotoxin activity equal to that of native LPS. KLA is comparable to LPS and its activity is reduced by >103 in cells from TLR-4 deficient mice. The advantage of KLA over LPS is that it is a reproducible, defined natural product, and it can be detected by ESI/MS at the low concentrations used to stimulate animal cells. The purity of KLA should also facilitate the structural analysis of its complexes with signaling receptors, such as TLR-4/MD2.
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