DAPI (hydrochloride) is a blue-emitting fluorescent dye that strongly binds to adenine-thymine-rich regions in DNA. Widely used in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, DAPI serves as a nuclear counterstain. When bound to double-stranded DNA, DAPI exhibits ~20-fold fluorescence enhancement, with an absorption peak at 358 nm and emission peak at 461 nm. It also binds to RNA, albeit with less intensity, causing its emission spectrum to shift to ~500 nm.
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